Analog Level by BCD Thumbwheel Switch

BCD Thumbwheel Switch is used to input-set data in digital form, this can be read by digital circuits, uC and uP systems and PLC-SCADA Interfaces.

Temperature Measurement and Control

In the early transition of analog to digital, before uP became acceptable, Digital systems without uP were made, it even had printers, RAM and displays. The uP systems were coming in, uC had not yet come and uP systems had to still win the confidence of the Prudent Industrial Design Engineer.
The drawbacks of uP based systems used in Computers, in those days were.

• Power Consumption was very high, needed SMPS.
• Many chips, a CPU had a Retinue of many chips.
• Large Board, Double or Multi Sided due to Bus.
• Fussy, Hangs on minor Power Glitches or Resets.
• Needs Firmware Development and Tight Testing.
• Investment in all these areas, Tools and Manpower.

These made Industrial Automation with uP a challenge. CMOS digital and mixed devices and custom application devices were more easy to implement and affordable.

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The coming of Low power CMOS uC changed everything and embedded systems became smaller and robust. These were packable in DIN standard and DIN Rail Mounting enclosures.

Coming back to inputting digital data. CMOS uC and Ni-Cd Battery backed up RAM with keyboards made thumb-wheels and other methods less attractive for digital data inputs. Then the Li-Ion Battery, Flash Memory in Combination with Application Specific uC and SOC have made inputting, retaining digital data very easy and affordable.

AC-AC-SSR Solid State Relay

This is a AC Control Input AC Output SSR Solid State Relay. When a Process Controller has an AC output or a system generates an AC signal of above 100V AC to signal the load to turn on, this device can be used. A BTA40-600 and MOC3041 are used in this.

Fire Retardant SSR Enclosures

A high voltage plastic cap limits current to a bridge which generates a small DC from 230 V AC, this drives MOC3041. The rest is the same. It is better to use a DC control SSR where possible. This AC control SSR is used where only an AC control signal is available. The BTA series has the heatsink tab insulated from the Triac chip inside. The BTB needs electrical insulation to the heatsink.



Electrical Control Panel Wiring

These devices BTA40600 and MOC3041 make SSR's very simple. They have proved very reliable and rugged in the field, overrate your designs, use heat sinks and seal the SSR with thermally conductive epoxy. Alumina with ciba araldite without any other filler or dye is the best way to hermitically seal.

555 based Reset Generator

You must have read all the circuits and explanation on the other pages at delabs to understand this, as i cannot repeat the same thing as i have done it more than once already.

The circuit is a 555 monostable, The push-switch is to trigger and generate a reset pulse for uC. The diode is for OR' ing later. The High will go thru the diode but the Low of 555 cannot drink any current as diode blocks.



The bottom part of the Circuit is the CD4093 Schmitt nand based flipflop. This is my favorite because of studying designs in Elektor Electronics.

What is the Schmitt then ?, It is better to visit the links below to learn. It can make a sine or triangle or any shape waveform to square. It can help square a very messy waveform.

Digital Timers Counters and Clocks

Two nand gates are connected to form a flip-flop toggle switch. When 555 gives out a pulse, the pulse is delayed by a R-C which results in a ramp, the third nand-Schmitt gives out delayed low trigger to toggle nand-flipflop-switch. The Nand-toggle-switch is rest at any time with the lower pushbutton. The fourth nand output gate is not really required. But the 4093 is quad nand, so unused nand inputs should not float , pull-up or pull-down. So it has just been added in circuit so that he can fit some role, or else he will be bored.